载人航天20年：航天员需要经历哪些考验？来看看中国航天员的严格训练是什么样子的

This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission, with Yang Liwei becoming the first Chinese astronaut to go to space. Since then, another 17 astronauts have reached for the stars. The selection of the fourth generation of astronauts began in 2022 and is now in full swing. Experts revealed how tough (困难的) the training is before astronauts can soar (高飞) to space.

今年是中国首次载人飞行任务成功20周年，2003年，我国“神舟五号”载人飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射，把中国首位航天员杨利伟送入太空。自那时起，已经有17位航天员飞向太空。第四批航天员的选拔工作2022年启动，现在正全力进行中。专家揭示了，航天员在高飞进入太空之前的训练，有多么困难。

The human body is not designed for space life. Astronauts are confronted (面对) with multiple challenges on a space mission. The changes in gravity can have an impact on their bodies. The sensation of isolation and confinement (封闭) living in a small spacecraft for months can impair (损害) their mental health. Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program.

人体不是为太空生活而设计的。航天员在太空任务中要面对多种多样的挑战。重力的变化会对身体产生影响。在狭小密闭的宇宙飞船空间生活数月，所带来的孤独和封闭感，会有损心理健康。任务执行中出现的突发状况，考验着他们，在面对巨大的压力时是否有足够的知识和能力。所以毫无疑问地，经过困难的训练并且达到非常高标准的要求，才能成为一名合格的航天员。

To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, “Eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, were set,” Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical fitness training, it also encompasses (包含) basic scientific theories, psychological health, and mock (模拟) missions.

为了保证中国航天员能够完成他们的太空任务并且安全返回地球，“训练有八大类，包含200多个科目”，中国载人航天工程航天员系统总设计师黄伟芬在接受CCTV采访时说，“每个科目又有很多训练单元，涉及到医学、生理、心理，还有科学理论和工程技术，以及模拟太空训练等。”

Among the training subjects, the most tiring one is underwater training. This training is designed for astronauts to adapt to the microgravity environment in space. According to Huang, astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time. Water resistance (阻力) and the heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng (one of the astronauts) once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang.

在所有的训练课目当中，最辛苦的是水下训练。这项训练的目的，是为了让航天员能够适应太空环境中的微重力。据黄伟芬介绍，航天员待在水下，穿着100多公斤重的工作服，一次要在水下工作6个小时。水的阻力和衣服的重力让每一个动作都变得极其费力。“曾有报道披露，聂海胜（一位获选执行太空飞行任务的航天员）曾在经历了水下训练之后瘦了两公斤”，黄伟芬说。

Each astronaut receives training for at least three and a half years before having the chance to go to space.

每一位航天员在有机会执行太空飞行任务之前，都要接受至少三年半的训练。